Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Fire Incidents in Water Distribution Networks

The real-time control of water distribution networks for firefighting is an important but little-studied problem. Water utilities in England and Wales reduce hydraulic pressure to a minimum regulatory threshold order leakage avoid financial penalties. However, are not legally bound guarantee specific flow rates from fire hydrants, which poses risk firefighting. This study presents adaptive nonlinear model predictive scheme integrating two modes control: (1) normal control, when network operates under conditions the objective minimize energy costs average zonal pressure, (2) flows need be delivered hydrants without exceeding maximum customer demand maintained best extent possible. proposed applied operational network. It demonstrates combined benefits reducing with increased flows.